And the chemical name of transformer oil is hydrotreated light nepthanic distillate. Dielectric oil must have excellent antioxidant properties as it has to maintain its properties over long periods of time. It is used in oil filled transformers, some types of highvoltage capacitors, fluorescent lamp ballasts north america only, and some types of highvoltage switches and circuit breakers. It is a highly refined mineral oil that is stable at high temperatures and has excellent electrical insulating properties. Analysis of these changes in oil properties as well as the estimation of these oxidative degraded products present in oil is a powerful tool for assessing the health condition of the transformer. Properties of good transformer oil are explained in this article. Properties the properties of commercially available.
Transformer oil testing by robert turcotte, manager, electrical loss control the hartford steam boiler inspection and insurance company the value of transformer oil testing transformer oil testing is a proven loss prevention technique which should be a part of any conditionbased predictive maintenance program. Properties of transformer oil industrial lubricants. If regularly conducted, oil analysis allows identification of specific fault conditions that may be developing. Transformer oil analysis basic introduction by n robinson, wearcheck as blood tests disclose ones state of health, so oil analyses disclose the condition of a transformer. After certain period of time of operation in the transformer, the oil is thrown out in the form of waste. Transformer oil is a refined mineral oil obtained from the fractional distillation of crude petroleum. Pdf on sep 1, 2016, shuaibing li and others published influences of oil flow speed and temperature on partial discharge properties in transformer oil. Aug 30, 2019 transformer oil also known as insulating oil is a special type of oil which has excellent electrical insulating properties and is stable at high temperatures. The figure below shows the elements of mineral oilbased transformer oil production. Transformer oil is used in oilfilled electrical power transformers to insulate, stop arcing and corona discharge, and to dissipate the heat of the transformer i. Puma transformer oil unit test method specification limits typical data physical property min max appearance iec 60296 clear, free from sediment complies density, 20. Pdf influences of oil flow speed and temperature on.
Dielectric behavior of transformer oil when contaminated and. Properties of transformer insulating oil powerlink oil. A used oil having a high acid number indicates the oil is either oxidized or contaminated with materials such as varnish, paint or other foreign matter. Transformer oil or insulating oil is an oil that is stable at high temperatures and has excellent electrical insulating properties. Transformer oil will be obtained by fractional distillation and subsequent treatment of crude oil. Transformer oil also known as insulating oil is a special type of oil which has excellent electrical insulating properties and is stable at high temperatures. Oil quality transformer oil is a mineral based oil. Use resulting in chemical or physical change or contamination may also subject it to regulation as hazardous waste. Properties of good transformer oil studyelectrical. Aug 30, 2017 so, the transformer oil primary functions are cooling and insulating the transformer. This test serves as an indicator of the potential of the oil to form sludge. In this mineral oil, available in market are by the name of power oil, transol, savitha, apar, ghandhar etc.
A comparison for electrical, physical, chemical, and thermal properties between used transformer oil before and after treatment is shown intable 2. The main physical and chemical properties tested in transformer oil testing methods are the oil s dielectric strength, dissipation factor, flashpoint, color, amount of solid particulate matter, water content, gas content and the oil s acid number. Reclamation of transformer oil is a measure to restore the oils properties close to the values of new oil. Under federal regulations, used oil is a solid waste managed under 40 cfr 279. Tr vegetable oil as insulating fluid for transformers. Vg100 has been satisfactorily used in more than 500 units since its introduction in 2009, and is an excellent alternative to mineral oil for use. Gray transformer chemistry services introduction the fault free operation of power transformers is a factor of major economic importance and safety in power supply utilities and industrial consumers of electricity. Viscosity of transformer oilsprocess oils viscosity. This value is known as the oil quality indexoqin or myers index numbermin. In general, transformer oil is produced from waxfree naphthenic oils. Depending on the origin of the crude base stock oil, it will contain different properties.
Historically, naphthenic oils have provided generally acceptable properties as transformer oils. Mineral oils are suitable from the point of electrical properties but tend to form sludge. Since the naphthenic based mineral oil carries a larger market share, it is used as the mineral oil base for the product in bees. Dielectric behavior of transformer oil when contaminated andor fortified with nanoparticles summer 2014. Standard astm d3238 defines how to calculate the carbon distribution and ring content of olefinfree petroleum oils from measurement of refractive index, density and molecular weight by ndm method.
So, the transformer oil primary functions are cooling and insulating the transformer. Aniline point d611 the aniline point is the temperature at which a mixture of aniline and oil separates. Insulating oils or transformer oils are mineral electrical insulating oils processed from fractional distillation and treatment of crude petroleum. Transformer oil is used in oil filled electrical power transformers to insulate, stop arcing and corona discharge, and to dissipate the heat of the transformer i. These distinctive properties of the feedstock will have an affect on the the properties of the oil. And very basics of arabic, but he would like to improve these skills. Minimal breakdown of the oil occurs under normal operating conditions. Because these generate a lot of heat that must be removed, they need to be insulated and they have to resist sparking, the physical and chemical properties of certain oils make. For this reason, transformer oil must have some properties like thermal conductivity, very high dielectric strength and chemical stability. Inside the transformer, it works like a liquid insulation, helping with reduced clearances, and then for cooling and carrying heat from the windings and. Mineral oilbased transformer oil can be made from either naphtha or paraffin. While being recycled, used oil is regulated by 40 cfr 279. Puma transformer oil transformer fluid uninhibited puma transformer oil is product specially developed for use in oilfilled electrical equipment including power and distribution transformers, rectifiers, circuit breakers and switchgears.
Transformer service oil reclamation extend the life of your. It is then treated to remove impurities and to obtain the most desirable properties to make it suitable as an insulating and cooling liquid. Its functions are to insulate, suppress corona discharge and. Improvement of used transformer oils with activated bentonite. Transformer oil after treatment with activated bentonite was tested. Vg100 fluid innovation for energy and the environment. However, in california, used oil is managed as hazardous waste until. Pdf influences of oil flow speed and temperature on partial. This is due to factors such as availability, cost and performance characteristics. Insulating oil transformer oil phillips 66 transformer oil is a highly refi ned electrical insulating oil developed for use in oilimmersed transformers, capacitors, tap changers, and circuit breakers where the equipment manufacturer specifi es a type ii inhibited oil meeting ansiastm d348709 requirements. Transformer oil have negligible amount of contamination which have adverse effect on the electrical properties 2. Dielectric behavior of transformer oil when contaminated. Experimental study of electrical properties of mineral and vegetable transformer oils 175 driven and some electrical charges located at the oilpressboard interface, move inside the oil, leading to flow electrification. There should be no significant quantity of furanic compounds detected in new oil.
Transformer oil hp transformer oil i hp lubricants. To ensure that the transformer operates properly, it is therefore necessary to guarantee that the oil has excellent properties. Transformer oil consists of organic compounds namely parraffins, naphthenes, aromatics and olefins. May 30, 2018 properties of good transformer oil are explained in this article. Transformer oil is called as mineral oil which is free from fatty acids. We present in this paper the effect of the number of breakdowns and the combined effect of the temperature and the number of breakdowns on the physical and chemical and electric properties of the transformer oil called borak 22. An insulating oil must have the following properties. All transformer oils need to meet ac withstand voltage, lightning impulse. Health, safety and the environment this handbook is based on shells experience and relationships with major equipment manufacturers and power companies, as. It is gained from fractional distillation process with the successive processing of crude petroleum. Influence of the number of breakdowns on the transformer. Transformer oil serves as a heat dissipater for heating parts of the transformer and as insulator of energized components. Caltran transformer oils fully meet astm d3487 specifications for type i and type ii mineral insulating oil in electrical apparatus.
Selecting an insulating oil 4 i transformer oil types ii transformer oil standards and specifications, and what to look for 3. These include the chemical and causes of the specific physical properties of the test oils. To know the carbon type analysis is important to improve product properties, the process efficiency and reliability. The ultra low sulphur and wax free naphthenic oilsparaffinic oils along with low viscosity index ensure. Transformer oil is used for insulation and cooling of transformer.
Regular maintenance and upgrading of the oil will add years to the life of both your car and your transformer. Transformer oil introduction, types and properties. Transformer oil is a required addition to electrical transformers. Since exxonmobil first developed a transformer oil in 1893, univolt products have continued to redefine the industry standard. Transformer oil or insulating oil is an oil that is extremely refined mineral oil which is always durable at high temperature and great electrical insulating properties. The pressboard disks used have a diameter d 100 mm, thickness g 2 mm and were thermally conditioned at 90oc for 24 hours. Apr 27, 2018 transformer oil is basically an insulating oil. Hp transformer oil i is inhibited type transformer oil meeting is. When predictive maintenance transformer and oil tests has disclosed a serious problem of moisture, combustible gas andor oil decay products, and on site purification is the chosen procedure the following steps are suggested.
Influence of the number of breakdowns on the transformer oil. In chapter three and four, an extended discussion on the transformer oil properties is made, taking into consideration the eleven most important ones. These optimally refined transformer oils also possess very good electrical and insulating properties, oxidation stability and controlled low or negative. It is used in oilfilled transformers, some types of highvoltage capacitors, fluorescent lamp ballasts north america only, and some types of highvoltage switches and circuit breakers. The widespread use of transformer oil for high voltage insulation and. The literature survey revealed the promising impact of. Organic oils of vegetative or animal origin are good insulators but tend to decompose giving rise to acidic byproducts which attack the paper or cloth insulation around the conductors. Product identifier product name transformer oil product no. Designed to perform puma transformer oil fulfils the requirements for nrs 0791. Moisture, acids and sludge are the oxidation products that cause the most concern.
What is transformer oil and types of transformer oil an. The aging rate of oil is influenced by temperature, as well as metals like copper and iron. Waste transformer oil as an alternative fuel for diesel. To function efficiently, the dielectric fluid must have certain operational characteristics. Transformer oil maintenance electric energy online. The treated transformer oil properties were evaluated in two periods of aging half year and one year. Oil storage and handling 8 i storage ii oil handling.
Because these generate a lot of heat that must be removed, they need to be insulated and they have to resist sparking, the physical and chemical properties of certain oils make them ideal for use in transformers and capacitors. The widespread use of transformer oil for high voltage insulation and cooling of power equipment has led to extensive research investigations aimed at enhancing both its dielectric and thermal characteristics. All these compounds are hydrocarbons, so transformer oil is is a pure hydrocarbon mineral oil. The next generation of univolt transformer oils is formulated to improve performance and extend transformer life. When held at high temperatures for extended periods in the transformer then oil must keep remains these properties. Experimental study of electrical properties of mineral and vegetable transformer oils 175 driven and some electrical charges located at the oil pressboard interface, move inside the oil, leading to flow electrification. Minimum standard specific resistance of transformer oil at 90c is 35. The main physical and chemical properties tested in transformer oil testing methods are the oils dielectric strength, dissipation factor, flashpoint, color, amount of solid particulate matter, water content, gas content and the oils acid number. Vg100 fluid innovation for energy and the environment vg100 is a biodegradable dielectric uid developed by 3urohf, with patents granted for its application in electrical transformers.
Degasification, insulating oil, moisture, purification, transformer. Transformer service oil reclamation extend the life of. The oil shall have ability to resist transient voltage stresses caused by lightning strokes and high voltage switching surges. Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against identified uses multipurpose oil. For quantitative evaluation of transformer oil color it is viewed in through light, then compared to digital standards. In this paper, we will study about the transformer oil filtration machine and how it purifies the contaminated transformer oil.
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